{"name":"Mannheim","state":"Baden-Württemberg","district":"Stadtkreis Mannheim","lat":49.4891,"lon":8.4669,"population":307960,"elevation_m":104,"url":"https://solaratlas24.de/ort/mannheim.html","pv_kwh_per_kwp":{"opt":1107,"s35":1106,"ew":876,"e35":885,"w35":867,"s15":1042,"s90":776},"pv_monthly_kwh_per_kwp_optimal":[40.0,62.1,99.8,125.4,129.1,131.6,132.2,123.0,109.6,77.7,44.0,32.9],"optimal_tilt_deg":38,"optimal_azimuth_deg":-3,"climate_1991_2020":{"frost":61,"hot":18,"ice":8,"prec":609,"rad":1132,"summer":65,"sun":1731,"temp":11.3},"climate_1961_1990":{"frost":66,"hot":11,"ice":13,"prec":640,"summer":49,"sun":1637,"temp":10.3},"monthly_normals_1991_2020":{"prec":[41,39,40,37,63,60,68,59,49,51,51,51],"rad":[24,43,84,130,160,171,169,147,101,58,27,18],"sun":[53,80,135,191,215,226,237,225,168,106,54,42],"temp":[2.5,3.4,7.1,11.3,15.3,18.7,20.6,20.2,15.7,10.9,6.2,3.3]},"annual_series":{"frost":{"start":1951,"values":[53,76,77,61,104,88,56,69,68,46,52,80,95,76,65,48,56,74,85,77,66,66,73,24,49,67,45,63,57,67,74,56,66,56,86,67,77,45,53,42,75,48,68,36,60,84,61,61,50,34,63,43,80,71,74,74,43,69,72,94,62,58,79,34,60,60,64,55,57,46,60,49,51,34,67]},"hot":{"start":1951,"values":[9,18,12,7,4,4,11,6,18,3,13,8,8,21,3,6,14,5,13,7,16,9,16,7,13,23,3,4,6,4,7,15,21,8,6,10,6,8,11,16,20,19,11,22,18,7,12,16,15,10,19,11,38,18,24,23,12,15,13,19,11,17,19,10,32,16,20,36,30,19,9,35,26,22,23]},"ice":{"start":1951,"values":[5,12,8,22,11,31,7,8,5,8,11,15,51,18,6,12,11,12,26,19,14,13,5,0,0,13,5,12,16,13,14,14,10,1,34,19,26,1,4,2,13,7,15,0,9,19,16,9,5,2,3,12,9,6,11,11,5,0,13,33,3,14,11,0,0,4,7,3,2,0,4,4,0,5,0]},"prec":{"start":1951,"values":[557,733,499,642,672,678,635,725,433,663,668,475,496,432,922,763,608,845,670,681,454,646,539,690,560,481,551,722,624,703,853,658,681,692,533,692,751,740,609,574,420,630,586,649,786,613,565,659,612,779,717,809,418,550,523,646,634,560,628,787,537,582,694,603,454,651,626,461,593,514,597,557,613,728,590]},"rad":{"start":1991,"values":[1146,1111,1083,1100,1055,1115,1157,1031,1124,1079,1089,1071,1288,1114,1144,1156,1131,1103,1137,1119,1187,1155,1061,1120,1116,1062,1157,1267,1219,1257,1174,1300,1217,1133,1270]},"summer":{"start":1951,"values":[50,64,52,33,45,30,39,48,73,35,45,45,45,66,30,43,54,34,55,52,64,32,63,37,59,72,36,31,50,30,41,67,68,40,44,54,41,49,67,55,67,68,58,61,59,43,62,50,62,55,62,55,100,60,64,73,60,64,65,53,74,68,60,56,66,69,69,105,76,77,56,93,90,73,71]},"sun":{"start":1951,"values":[1777,1691,1913,1693,1731,1587,1810,1673,2077,1575,1686,1849,1648,1777,1447,1582,1739,1529,1506,1480,1797,1583,1785,1462,1739,1947,1431,1474,1569,1479,1507,1728,1675,1563,1737,1598,1531,1551,1808,1868,1867,1691,1586,1577,1519,1586,1762,1491,1703,1613,1658,1569,2229,1727,1832,1829,1807,1610,1751,1651,1870,1778,1496,1652,1755,1554,1742,2087,1947,2001,1789,2176,1898,1709,2047]},"temp":{"start":1881,"values":[9.8,10.2,10.1,10.8,9.9,10.4,9.0,9.0,9.3,9.3,9.4,9.8,10.2,10.0,9.1,9.5,9.9,10.2,9.9,10.1,9.8,9.7,10.4,10.5,10.2,10.5,10.1,9.4,9.6,10.4,11.3,10.2,10.7,10.5,10.7,11.0,9.8,10.7,9.7,10.7,11.1,9.4,10.3,9.6,10.3,10.9,10.3,10.9,9.9,11.0,9.8,10.2,10.0,11.4,10.6,10.5,10.8,10.4,10.3,8.9,9.5,9.4,11.0,10.2,11.2,10.4,11.0,10.8,11.3,10.4,10.6,10.3,10.6,9.7,9.4,8.8,10.5,10.2,11.0,10.5,10.9,9.3,9.1,10.4,9.5,10.7,10.8,10.0,9.8,9.9,10.4,9.7,10.3,10.9,10.8,10.8,10.6,9.6,9.9,9.7,10.3,10.8,10.9,9.9,9.4,10.0,9.6,11.0,11.2,11.4,10.5,11.2,10.7,11.9,10.9,9.5,10.8,11.0,11.5,11.8,11.2,11.6,11.7,11.0,11.0,11.5,11.6,11.3,11.1,9.9,11.7,11.1,10.6,12.1,11.8,11.3,11.5,12.5,11.9,12.3,10.8,12.7,12.7,12.4,11.9]}},"recent_months":[{"month":"2025-11","pv_kwh_per_kwp_est":53.0,"radiation_kwh_m2":32.5,"sunshine_h":73.0,"temp_c":6.1,"precip_mm":31.0},{"month":"2025-12","pv_kwh_per_kwp_est":45.1,"radiation_kwh_m2":24.7,"sunshine_h":83.0,"temp_c":4.1,"precip_mm":14.0},{"month":"2026-01","pv_kwh_per_kwp_est":44.0,"radiation_kwh_m2":26.4,"sunshine_h":51.0,"temp_c":1.5,"precip_mm":37.0},{"month":"2026-02","pv_kwh_per_kwp_est":51.8,"radiation_kwh_m2":35.9,"sunshine_h":42.0,"temp_c":6.0,"precip_mm":65.0},{"month":"2026-03","pv_kwh_per_kwp_est":123.2,"radiation_kwh_m2":103.7,"sunshine_h":198.0,"temp_c":8.0,"precip_mm":20.0},{"month":"2026-04","pv_kwh_per_kwp_est":154.0,"radiation_kwh_m2":159.7,"sunshine_h":258.0,"temp_c":12.1,"precip_mm":11.0},{"month":"2026-05","pv_kwh_per_kwp_est":140.5,"radiation_kwh_m2":174.1,"sunshine_h":249.0,"temp_c":16.6,"precip_mm":49.0},{"month":"2026-06","pv_kwh_per_kwp_est":141.8,"radiation_kwh_m2":184.3,"sunshine_h":263.0,"temp_c":22.2,"precip_mm":54.0},{"month":"2026-07","pv_kwh_per_kwp_est":163.3,"radiation_kwh_m2":208.8,"sunshine_h":331.0,"temp_c":22.9,"precip_mm":17.0},{"month":"2026-08","pv_kwh_per_kwp_est":133.7,"radiation_kwh_m2":159.8,"sunshine_h":263.0,"temp_c":22.7,"precip_mm":37.0},{"month":"2026-09","pv_kwh_per_kwp_est":131.8,"radiation_kwh_m2":121.5,"sunshine_h":224.0,"temp_c":18.4,"precip_mm":6.0},{"month":"2026-10","pv_kwh_per_kwp_est":96.2,"radiation_kwh_m2":71.8,"sunshine_h":151.0,"temp_c":12.0,"precip_mm":53.0}],"sources":["PVGIS 5.3 © European Union (JRC)","Deutscher Wetterdienst, Climate Data Center (CC BY 4.0)"],"license":"CC BY 4.0","attribution":"SolarAtlas24: Photovoltaik und Klima in Mannheim. Datenbasis PVGIS (EU JRC) und DWD. https://solaratlas24.de/ort/mannheim.html (Stand 2026-11)"}